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Phonology

There are 6 oral vowels and six nasal vowels. Only nasal vowels appear next to a nasal consonant /m/ or /n/.

There are two series of obstruent consonants. Both usually produce a noticeable delay before the onset of the next vowel: the series 'fortis' (written p t č k kw s h hw) tends to be aspirated, with a noisy transition to the vowel, while the series 'lenis' (written b d g gw 'z), optionally voiced, is glottalized, with a silent transition to the vowel, which in turn tends to be laryngealized. The glottal stop is weak and is noted mainly for the laryngeal effect it has on adjacent vowels.

/ʈˀ/ is realized as [ɾ] between vowels. /j/ is realized as [ɲ] next to nasal vowels.

The accent is obligatory on all verbal roots, stems and some suffixes. It disappears when the syllable is not the nucleus of a phonological word. Some monosyllabic morphemes have both stressed and unstressed forms. Although stress position within a word is not contrastive, vowel and consonantal allophony depends on whether a syllable is stressed. Initial stressed vowels followed by unstressed vowels are long and have a falling tone.

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